To ensure end-to-end encryption of application data in Google Cloud, which two options should be utilized?

Utilizing Confidential Computing and Istio is an effective approach to ensure end-to-end encryption of application data in Google Cloud. Confidential Computing enables the protection of data while it is in use by executing it in a hardware-based secure enclave. This means that sensitive data remains encrypted even during processing, significantly enhancing security.

Istio, on the other hand, is a service mesh that manages microservices' communication. It provides features such as mutual TLS (Transport Layer Security) for secure service-to-service communication. This ensures that the data exchanged between services is encrypted in transit, maintaining an end-to-end encrypted channel between the application's components.

When combined, Confidential Computing and Istio provide a comprehensive solution that addresses data security both at rest (when stored) and in transit (during communication between services), which is critical for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of application data in cloud environments.

The other options may include services that have security capabilities, but they do not specifically focus on achieving end-to-end encryption in the way that Confidential Computing and Istio do.